How to find out NoSQL Injection Vulnerability ?

 

NoSQL Injection Vulnerability

NoSQL databases, such as MongoDB, Cassandra, and CouchDB, offer a unique set of challenges when it comes to identifying vulnerabilities.

Here are some techniques to help you discover NoSQL vulnerabilities:

1. Input Validation: NoSQL databases often lack robust input validation, making them prone to injection attacks. Look for user-input data being directly inserted into queries. Use tools like Burp Suite or ZAP to identify potential injection points.

2. Query Injection: Similar to SQL injection, query injection involves manipulating the query structure to extract sensitive data or execute malicious queries. Use techniques like error-based injection, blind injection, or time-based injection to identify vulnerabilities.

3. Data Exposure: NoSQL databases often store sensitive data in plaintext or with weak encryption. Look for exposed data, such as encryption keys, credentials, or sensitive user information.

4. Authentication Bypass: Weak authentication mechanisms can allow attackers to bypass authentication or authorization controls. Test for default or weak passwords, and look for vulnerabilities in authentication protocols.

5. Authorization Bypass: NoSQL databases often have weak authorization controls, allowing attackers to access sensitive data or perform unauthorized actions. Test for privilege escalation vulnerabilities or unauthorized data access.

6. Denial of Service (DoS): NoSQL databases can be vulnerable to DoS attacks, which can cause performance degradation or crashes. Look for vulnerabilities in query handling, data processing, or resource allocation.

7. Information Disclosure: NoSQL databases may leak sensitive information, such as database versions, configuration details, or internal IP addresses. Use tools like Nmap or Shodan to identify potential information disclosure vulnerabilities.

8. Configuration Weaknesses: Misconfigured NoSQL databases can lead to vulnerabilities. Look for weak settings, such as default ports, weak passwords, or inadequate encryption.

9. Version Scanning: Identify outdated or vulnerable NoSQL database versions. Use tools like Nmap or Nessus to scan for version information and potential vulnerabilities.

10. Code Review: Perform a code review to identify vulnerabilities in custom NoSQL database implementations or integrations. Look for insecure coding practices, such as insecure deserialization or weak cryptography.

Some popular tools for identifying NoSQL vulnerabilities include:

MongoDB: Mongoaudit, Mongo Scanner, and MongoDB Security Checker
Cassandra: Cassandra Auditor and Cassandra Security Scanner
 CouchDB: CouchDB Security Scanner and CouchDB Auditor

Remember to always obtain proper permission and authorization before conducting any vulnerability testing or exploitation.

What are the Steps of Findings ??

Finding NoSQL vulnerabilities! That’s a great question.

Here are some techniques to help you discover NoSQL vulnerabilities:

Manual Testing

Inspect HTTP Requests : Use tools like Burp Suite or ZAP to inspect HTTP requests and identify potential injection points.

Parameter Tampering : Modify parameters in HTTP requests to test for vulnerabilities, such as injection or authentication bypass.

Error Analysis : Analyze error messages to identify potential vulnerabilities or sensitive information disclosure.

Automated Scanning

1. NoSQL Scanner Tools: Use tools like:
 MongoDB: Mongoaudit, Mongo Scanner, and MongoDB Security Checker
 Cassandra: Cassandra Auditor and Cassandra Security Scanner
 CouchDB: CouchDB Security Scanner and CouchDB Auditor
2. Vulnerability Scanners: Use vulnerability scanners like Nessus, OpenVAS, or Qualys to identify potential vulnerabilities.

Code Review

1. Source Code Analysis: Perform a code review to identify vulnerabilities in custom NoSQL database implementations or integrations.
2. Insecure Coding Practices: Look for insecure coding practices, such as insecure deserialization or weak cryptography.

Information Gathering

1. Version Scanning: Identify outdated or vulnerable NoSQL database versions using tools like Nmap or Nessus.
2. Configuration Analysis: Analyze NoSQL database configurations to identify potential weaknesses, such as weak passwords or inadequate encryption.

Exploitation

1. Injection Attacks: Use tools like Burp Suite or ZAP to perform injection attacks, such as query injection or NoSQL injection.
2. Authentication Bypass: Test for authentication bypass vulnerabilities using tools like Burp Suite or ZAP.

Additional Tips

1. Use NoSQL-specific tools: Use tools specifically designed for NoSQL databases, as they can provide more accurate results.
2. Understand NoSQL database architecture: Understand the architecture and design of the NoSQL database to identify potential vulnerabilities.
3. Test for common vulnerabilities: Test for common vulnerabilities, such as injection, authentication bypass, and authorization weaknesses.

Remember to always obtain proper permission and authorization before conducting any vulnerability testing or exploitation. Happy hunting!

Here are some demo injection code examples for NoSQL databases:

MongoDB

1. Query Injection:

This injection returns all documents in the users collection, as the || 1==1 condition is always true.

2. NoSQL Injection:

This injection returns all documents in the users collection where the password field is not equal to "password", effectively bypassing authentication.

Cassandra

1. CQL Injection:

This injection returns all rows from the users table, as the OR 1=1 condition is always true.

2. NoSQL Injection:

This injection returns all rows from the users table where the username is "admin" and the password is "password", or where the token field is equal to itself (always true), effectively bypassing authentication.

CouchDB

1. JSON Injection:

This injection returns all documents in the _users database, as the * wildcard matches all documents.

2. NoSQL Injection:

This injection returns all documents in the _users database where the username field is "admin" or matches the * wildcard, effectively bypassing authentication.

Remember to always obtain proper permission and authorization before conducting any vulnerability testing or exploitation. These examples are for demonstration purposes only and should not be used to exploit vulnerabilities without permission.

Happy Hacking !!